16. FY 06 FOURTH GENERATION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT – THE
LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE PROJECT
by Mark Reichanadter
Appendix B Self-Evaluation FY2006
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Project Authorization Milestones – The Project received
approval of Critical Decision 3-B (Approve Start of Full
Construction), in February 2006.
Environment, Safety and Health – A general safety coordinator
and an expert construction safety coordinator provide safety
expertise and support the LCLS organization throughout 2006.
LCLS has in place a functioning Integrated Safety Management
System (ISMS) through 2006. The LCLS project recordable
incident rate is currently 0.63 (The number of injuries
sustained by an average crew of 100 individuals over one
year.). This compares favorably to general industry rates
of 6.8 and that of the Department of Energy with is 2.1
for similar work. LCLS released the final draft of the Fire
Hazards Analysis (FHA) for internal and DOE review and comments
in June 2006. The FHA was approved and issued on schedule,
in mid-July 2006.
Management – The LCLS management team was strengthened
by adding two Associate Project Directors (Civil Construction
and Engineering). Also, the LCLS procurement organization,
100% dedicated to LCLS but reporting to the SLAC Business
Services Division Director, has been augmented by securing
two procurement consultants with significant experience
in DOE procurements and civil construction. The LCLS also
hired a full-time Controls Manager who is responsible for
integrating the existing SLAC controls infrastructure with
the LCLS controls systems.
2006 marked the start of the delivery of the LCLS Long-Lead
Procurements (LLP). In particular, LLP for the LCLS undulator
titanium strongbacks, magnet poles and magnet blocks, the
Injector Drive Laser, Sector 20 Laser Facility and a Magnetic
Measurement Facility (complete with measurement and fiducialization
equipment) were all procured in 2006. In addition, there
were several refurbishment projects to prepare the SLAC
site for the LCLS. These included the S24 stairway upgrade,
BSY vertical wall upgrade, FFTB equipment and shielding
removal, and excavation of activated soil in preparation
for the start of LCLS construction in September 2006.
The LCLS project reports monthly performance, variances
and contingency allocation against an approved baseline.
Configuration management is in place which complies with
DOE O 413.3. Monthly performance status is reported to DOE
via the Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS).
LCLS conducted an Earned-Value Management System (EVMS)
review with DOE’s Office of Engineering, Construction and
Management in order to validate the LCLS EVMS.
LCLS Scientific/Technical Progress – For 2006, the LCLS
is primarily a ‘design-procureconstruct’ project and has
passed the 30% completion point. The Architect/Engineer
has submitted the Title-II design package to SLAC for review
at the “100% of Complete” stage. LCLS has contracted with
a Construction Manager/General Contractor (CM/GC) who will
prepare the construction bid packages and contract with
trade contractors to build the LCLS civil construction.
All bid packages for the LCLS have been solicited and approximately
70% have been awarded. LCLS has taken ‘beneficial occupancy’
of the Sector 20 Laser Facility and the Magnetic Measurement
Facility.
For the main construction effort, SLAC-LCLS has cleared
the Research Yard for the start of the main construction
effort. This included the FFTB equipment removal and shielding,
demolition of B113 and partial demolition of B102. A number
of utilities were also removed or rerouted. In September
2006, the CM/GC has begun the main LCLS construction effort.
LCLS has also begun installing the Injector and Linac
beamlines and the Injector beam commissioning will begin
early in 2007. The LCLS Drive Laser has been installed in
the Sector 20 Laser Facility and preliminary commissioning
activities are underway. The LCLS RF Gun has been fabricated
and is now in final assembly and test. The new X-band klystron
was tested at >50 MW with no performance problems identified.
RF gun solenoid magnetic measurements are in progress, as
are many of the LCLS 135 MeV injector beamline components.
The 2006 shutdown is under way during which installation
is occurring of a large portion of the LCLS Injector beamline
in SLAC’s Linac and the LCLS Injector enclosures. At the
completion of the installation, LCLS will begin preparing
the LCLS Injector for commissioning.
Undulator production is under way using two undulator
assembly vendors each of whom is approved to proceed with
the assembly of undulators 3-16. At the end of 2006, a total
of 12 undulators (30%) have been completed. The first production
undulator has been acceptance tested and pretuned (Keff
set) on the Dover measurement bench in SLAC’s Magnetic Measurement
Facility (MMF).
A Single Undulator Test (SUT) was constructed at ANL,
consisting of an integrated undulator system module from
the floor up to verify undulator system and performance
measurement. The SUT successfully tested all motion control
and performance criteria against the physics requirements.
A prototype rf beam position monitor (BPM) has been installed
in the ANL injector test stand and has undergone a series
of beam tests. Although tests are not complete, a significant
amount of information has been obtained and the design appears
robust.
For LCLS photon systems, several new staff members have
been added to the XTOD and XES teams. Prototypes of both
the gas and solid attenuator systems have been developed
that meet the physics requirements of the LCLS. LCLS-TN-06-1
"The Physics Analysis of a Gas Attenuator with Argon as
a Working Gas,” describes the use of argon gas to extend
the gas attenuation for photon energies up to 8 keV. A “prototype”
has been constructed with 3 small chambers, orifices, and
data acquisition system to experimentally verify the pressure
calculations. The design goal of 20-torr operation was met
with stable operation with boil-off nitrogen up to a pressure
of 60 torr observed. The measured pressure distribution
and required gas flow are in good agreement with calculation.
The conceptual design of the X-ray slit subsystem has
been developed. It is more compact than the previous design
and has very few parts in the vacuum. Investigation into
the feasibility of making the slit blocks as desired has
begun. Thus far, they appear to be feasible to manufacture
as conceived.
The XTOD group conducted damage experiments measuring
the depths of any craters observed. The gas detector data
from TTF provided measured fluence for each sample shot
during the damage experiment. Clear correlation between
the crater depths measured on the SiC sample with the gas
detector fluences was observed. Pulse-to-pulse fluence was
found to vary by 200% (lowest to highest). Applying the
model to our single shot data taken at lower fluences has
shown the damage threshold for SiC to be at about the melt
dose which is consistent with expectations and indicates
that these materials will perform under design conditions
in the LCLS beam.
For the FEL Offset Mirror System, calculations were performed
of the predicted FEL characteristics after reflection from
state-of-the-art X-ray mirrors. The calculations predict
some broadening of the FEL beam after reflection from mirrors
of these types. A set of specifications consistent with
this performance is being prepared for use in obtaining
vendor quotes and developing physics requirements for the
mirrors.
Cornell University is collaborating on the LCLS 2D detector
project as this project ramps up during its second year.
The experimental capabilities desired by the AMO group
have been substantially defined: a chamber with a pulsed
or continuous gas jet, with multiple electron time-of-flight
spectrometers, ion spectrometer for charge state determination
and ion imagining, and one or two X-ray fluorescence spectrometers.
Detailed information on the Project status and issues
may be found in the Monthly Reports, posted at
http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/internals/monthlyreports/.
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Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA