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Definitions (Section 4)
 

Accelerator Area. Area defined by the physical fence around the SLAC main accelerator complex where access is controlled by security

Beam containment system (BCS). A system of active and passive devices designed to contain the beam and/or limit the beam power and/or beam losses to prevent excessive radiation in occupied areas. The BCS confines a beam to an approved channel at an approved beam power level

Controlled area. Area where access is managed to protect individuals from exposure to radiation and/or radioactive materials. Individuals who enter a controlled area (but not radiological areas) should not receive an occupational dose each year of more than 100 mrem total effective dose equivalent (TEDE)

Hutch protection system (HPS). The interlocked access control system that protects personnel from exposure to prompt ionizing radiation from synchrotron radiation beams in hutches

Mixed waste. Waste that contains both a radiological component and a hazardous waste component, as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, codified in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations), and/or Title 22, Division 4.5 of the California Code of Regulations (22 CCR)

Personnel exclusion area. Area secured by physical controls other than a personnel protection system (PPS) to restrict access during accelerator beam operations. Examples are the fenced areas on top of the SPEAR roof, around the Beam Dump East tunnel in the Research Yard

Personnel protection system (PPS). An interlocked access control system that protects personnel from exposure to prompt ionizing radiation from beams and interlocked electrical hazards in the accelerator housing. A PPS consists of access interlock logics, display of access states, key controls, and other controls

Radioactive material. Material with any radioactivity or radioactive contamination generated by SLAC (commonly referred to as rad added) that is detectable above background level using the most practical and sensitive radiation detection instrument. Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) may be treated as radioactive material, depending on its physical character. NORM may not necessarily be considered radioactive material unless it has been processed as waste, or if machining operations changed the physical properties of the material

Radioactive material area (RMA). Area where radioactive material can be stored. Examples of RMAs are the Radioactive Material Storage Yard and areas where sealed sources are kept

Radioactive material management area (RMMA). Area where the potential exists for radioactive contamination due to un-encapsulated or unconfined radioactive material, or an area with material exposed to accelerator beams capable of causing radioactivation. Examples of RMMAs are accelerator housings, such as the linac, Beam Switch Yard (BSY), Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA), and Stanford Positron Electron Accelerating Ring (SPEAR).

Radioactive waste. Radioactive material (see definition above) for which the owner/generator has determined there is no further use for the material and has authorized disposal of the material

Radiologically controlled area (RCA). A controlled area (see definition above) that requires dosimetry for entry. The radiation level in certain localized areas within an RCA may vary, requiring limited occupancy. Individuals who enter only RCAs without entering radiological areas are not expected to receive a total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) of more than 100 mrem in a year

Radiological area. Area where distinct radiological conditions can be quantified and compared against established limits. Individual types of radiological areas are of the following six types:

1. Radiation area (RA). Area where radiation dose rates from radioactive material or radiation producing machinery are greater than 5 mrem per hour and less than or equal to 100 mrem per hour at 30 cm from the radiation source
2. High radiation area (HRA). Area where radiation dose rates from radioactive material or prompt sources are greater than 100 mrem per hour at 30 cm and less than or equal to 500 rad per hour at 100 cm from the radiation source. High radiation areas with radiation dose rates greater than 1,000 mrem per hour at 30 cm are locked or have physical controls to prevent personnel access
3. Very high radiation area. (VHRA). Area where radiation dose rates from radioactive material or radiation producing machinery are greater than 500 rad per hour at 100 cm from the radiation source. Very high radiation areas are locked at all times or have physical controls to prevent personnel access
4. Contamination area. Area where removable radioactive contamination levels (or the potential for radioactive contamination levels) are greater than the values specified in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835, but less than or equal to 100 times those levels
5. High contamination area. Area where removable radioactivity contamination levels (or the potential for radioactive contamination levels) are greater than 100 times the values specified in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835
6. Airborne radioactivity area. Area with airborne radioactivity above natural background that exceeds or is likely to exceed 10 percent of the derived air concentration values listed in Appendix A or Appendix C of 10 CFR 835

Radiological work. Work involving any use of tools on beamlines or beamline components or beamline safety items such as shielding, PPS components, BCS components where radiological hazards may be affected, or any work on radiation hot spots. Also, any work on radioactive low conductivity water (LCW) systems; that is, any LCW system with tritium in the water at a concentration greater than 2E4 picoCuries/liter

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